Suchergebnisse

The current study aims to determine the level of contributions of non-governmental organizations in enhancing the social belonging of young people Palestinian, the researcher used the sample social survey method through an electronic questionnaire applied to (384) young people who benefited from the services of civil institutions, the study tool was applied in the time period 4/12/2021 to 5/17/2021The study concluded that the contribution of civil institutions to all indicators of the concept of belonging came at an average level, as the highest indicators of the contribution of institutions to strengthening belonging were increasing youth's sense of stability and security, linking private goals For youth with the goals of the Palestinian society in general, while the lowest indicators were the contributions of institutions in enhancing youth participation in social life, and developing the youth's ability to carry out duties and responsibilities towards their society for Palestinian youth. Scientific status, average income) among Palestinian youth, and the study recommended educating young people about the importance of a holistic view of society, Encouraging voluntary collective action, interest in research and studies interested in identifying the factors that affect youth affiliation, networking between civil society institutions to improve the reality of youth, crystallizing a future vision for the role of civil institutions, according to developments and societal and international changes within which work can be done.

AbstractWaste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) contain a plethora of valuable metals, considered an attractive secondary resource. In the current research, a hydrometallurgical process combined ammonia/ammonium chloride leaching and reduction (using L-ascorbic acid) to recover copper and its oxide (CuO) as nanosized particles from WPCBs was investigated. The results of leaching indicated that 96.7% of copper could be recovered at a temperature of 35 °C for a leaching duration of 2 h with ammonium chloride and ammonia concentration of 2 mol/L at a solid:liquid ratio of 1:10 g/cm3. The synthesized particles exhibit spherical and distorted sphere morphology with average particle size of 460 nm and 50 nm for Cu and CuO NPs, respectively. The antibacterial activity of Cu, CuO, and a (1:1) blend of both (Cu/CuO) has been examined against five different bacterial and fungal strains. The highest zone of inhibition was measured as 21.2 mm for Cu NPs toward Escherichia coli and 16.7 mm for Cu/CuO blend toward Bacillus cereus bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition was measured as 13 mm and 13.8 mm for Cu/CuO blend toward Fusarium proliferatum and Penicillium verrucosum fungi. Cu/CuO blend showed notable photocatalytic activity towards Rhodamine B dye under visible light irradiation with 96% degradation rate within 120 min. Using the process developed in this study, copper and its oxide as nanoparticles can be produced from WPCBs and used for multifunctional applications.
Graphical abstract